Methods and models
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Health Learning Design Model
The Health Learning Design Model provides a structured yet flexible approach to planning learning experiences that are authentic, learner-centred, and practice-oriented. The model integrates both synchronous and asynchronous learning activities, delivered online, on-site, or through blended formats. Learning is intentionally sequenced across preparation, participation, application, and reflection phases. Out-of-class activities prepare learners for active engagement during in-class sessions such as webinars or workshops. In-class learning focuses on interaction, collaboration, and applying knowledge to real-world situations. Each learning activity builds on previous experiences, creating a coherent learning journey that supports competence development over time. By aligning educational design with professional practice, the Health Learning Design Model promotes effective learning that can translate into better healthcare outcomes.
E-tivity Framework
The e-tivity is a structured online learning activity design to promote active participation, collaboration, and meaningful engagement rather than passive content consumption. Developed by Gilly Salmon, it provides learners with clear guidance on what to do, how to do it, and how to interact with others in a digital learning environment. E-tivities place learners at the centre of the learning process as active contributors rather than recipients of information. Each e-tivity is carefully designed to stimulate reflection, discussion, knowledge sharing, and problem-solving. The approach supports learning through interaction with peers, educators, and learning resources. E-tivities follow a scaffolded process that gradually builds learners' confidence, participation, and collaboration skills. In this model, the educator acts as an e-moderator who facilitates engagement and guides learning rather than simply delivering content. E-tivities can be used in online, blended, and self-directed learning settings, making them highly flexible, systematic, accessible and scalable. By combining pedagogical structure with digital interaction, e-tivities create engaging, inclusive, and sustainable learning experiences regardless of geographical location.